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A collectible card game (CCG), also called a trading card game (TCG) or customizable card game, is a kind of card game that first emerged in 1993 and consists of specially designed sets of playing cards. Terms such as "collectible" and "trading" are used interchangeably because of copyrights and marketing strategies of game companies. The rudimentary definition requires the game to resemble trading cards in shape and function, be mass-produced for trading or collectibility, and it must have rules for strategic game play. The definition of CCGs is further refined as being a card game in which the player uses his own deck with cards primarily sold in random assortments. Acquiring these cards may be done by trading with other players or buying card packs. If every card in the game can be obtained by making a small number of purchases, or if the manufacturer does not market it as a CCG, then it is not a CCG. Successful CCGs typically have upwards of thousands of unique cards, with the most successful one, ''Magic: The Gathering'', having nearly 15,000.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Gatherer ), the official ''Magic'' card database.〕 Typically, a CCG is initially played using a starter deck, or intro deck, which has a basic complement of cards that can be used to play the game. This deck may be expanded or modified with cards from booster packs, which contain a random selection of cards of varying rarities, usually between 8 and 15 cards. One of these cards is a rare or unique card that is much harder to obtain than the remaining cards and often has a higher value than the rest. These values can change over time as distribution changes, cards become banned in playing formats, or the metagame is altered by interactions with new cards. Eventually, with enough cards, players may create new decks from scratch. ==Overview== Regular card games have been around since at least the 1300s, but in 1993 a "new kind of card game" appeared.〔 It was different because the player could not buy all the cards at once. Players would first buy starter decks and then later be encouraged to buy booster packs to expand their selection of cards. What emerged was a card game that players collected and treasured but also played with.〔 The very first collectible card game created was ''Magic: The Gathering'', invented by Richard Garfield, and patented by Wizards of the Coast in 1993.〔〔〔 It's considered the most successful CCG and many other companies have tried to emulate it. ''The Base Ball Card Game'', a prototype from 1904, is a noteworthy precursor to CCGs because it had some similar qualities but it never saw production to qualify it as a ''collectible'' card game.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Base Ball Card Game )〕 It is not known if the game was intended to be a standalone product or something altogether different like Top Trumps. The game consisted of a limited 112 cards and never saw manufacture past the marketing stage. In 1951, Topps released the ''Baseball Card Game'' that resembled CCGs because the game cards were sold in random packs and were collectible, however the game required no strategic play to operate. To play the game, players used a randomized deck to migrate their characters around a baseball diamond. Interaction between the two players was limited to who scored the most points and was otherwise a solitaire-like function since players could not play simultaneously but in tandem. This game seemed to be a followup of a game from 1947 called Batter Up by Ed-u-Cards Corp. The game was not sold in random packs but instead the entirety of the game could be obtained with one purchase. It utilized the same baseball diamond rules that Topps adopted in 1951.〔 Other notable entries that resemble and predate the CCG are ''Strat-O-Matic'', ''Nuclear War'', ''BattleCards'', and ''Illuminati''.〔 When designing ''Magic: The Gathering'', Garfield borrowed elements from the board game ''Cosmic Encounter'' which also used cards for game play.〔 Despite the dominance of ''Magic: The Gathering'' in the CCG market, a few have met with success and have built a niche for themselves including ''Yu-Gi-Oh!'', ''Pokémon'', and ''Legend of the Five Rings''. Other notable CCGs have come and gone: ''Star Wars'', ''Lord of the Rings'', ''Vampire: The Eternal Struggle'', ''Middle-earth'', ''World of Warcraft'' and ''Netrunner'' among others. Many other CCGs were produced, but had little or no commercial success.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Collectible card game」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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